Does McdonaldS Offer A Model Which Other Businesses Should Follow Ess

Does Mcdonald'S Offer A Model Which Other Businesses Should Follow? Does McDonald's offer a model which other businesses should follow? At first, most people must have laughed at the idea of a chain of restaurants selling identical products all over the country, but little did they know that the genius idea that they had mocked would go on to revolutionise the business environment of the future. McDonald's is now the international market leader for fast food, and has been ever since its pioneering first restaurant was launched in San Bernardino, California in 1948. Historical Background The original founders of McDonald's, and the fast-food concept, were brothers Dick and Mac McDonald. In 1948, they modified their drive-in restaurant, creating the standard for the contemporary fast-food restaurant of modern times. From the introduction of a limited menu of just nine items, and by focusing on efficient production and service, the brothers were able to halve the price of their hamburgers to 15 cents. Ray Kroc, who, at this time was a 52-year-old milkshake machine salesman, heard of the brothers' generation of around $350,000 in annual revenues, and instantly became convinced that its concept could work in other cities. Kroc became the first franchisee appointed by the McDonald brothers, and opened his first restaurant the following year in Des Plaines, Illinois. In 1961, Kroc bought all the rights to the McDonald's concept from the McDonald brothers for $2.7 million. Kroc was somewhat of an obsessive individual, fixated with rules, regulations, procedures, and obedien ce to his strict rules of discipline. Kroc was especially concerned with maintaining McDonald's clean image, as well as that of life in general, and could regularly be seen picking up litter outside of his restaurants in order to maintain the high standard of cleanliness upon which many of his principles were based. During the 1960s, McDonald's invested a great deal of capital into advertising and marketing campaigns. In 1962, the golden arches were adopted as its corporate logo, with the introduction of Ronald McDonald as its mascot arriving the following year. In 1965, McDonald's Corporation went public, and by 1966 was listed on the New York Stock Exchange. In 1967, its first restaurants outside of the United States were opened in Canada and Puerto Rico. 1968 saw the introduction of the company's flagship product, the Big Mac. Throughout the 1970's, McDonald's became involved with a lot of charity work, establishing its own charity called the Ronald McDonald House, providing temp orary housing for the families of seriously ill children. Kroc had always believed in giving something back to the community in order to make the world a better place. In 1973, McDonald's added breakfast items to its menu. The Quarter Pounder was introduced in the subsequent year, as sales reached $1 billion. 1974 saw the opening of the first restaurant in the UK, in Woolwich, South London. In 1975, McDonald's introduced ?drive-thru? window service, which allowed motorists to order and receive food from their cars. Nowadays, this type of business accounts for around half of all McDonald's sales in the United States. In 1983, Chicken McNuggets were added to the menu, giving customers an alternative to beef. Founder Ray Kroc died in 1984. Ronald McDonald Children's Charities was founded in his remembrance to raise funds in support of child welfare. In 1989, McDonald's became listed on the Frankfurt, Munich, Paris, and Tokyo stock exchanges. Through the 1990s smaller outlets known as ? Express? stores were opened in hospitals, zoos, airports, and even on ferries. These outlets served a limited menu and lacked some of the amenities of larger stores. In 1996, McDonalds signed a 10-year agreement with The Walt Disney Company. This agreement has led to the introduction of restaurants at Disney theme parks, and the promotion of Disney films through McDonald's. Packaging is the primary source of advertising, along with the addition of limited edition products added to the menu. Examples include Pocahontas and The Lion King. Franchises The McDonald's Corporation is the largest worldwide franchised food service organisation. In the 1960's, Ray Kroc franchised restaurants for the low sum of $950, demanding 1.9% of sales. As the success of Kroc and his organisation depended on the prosperity of the franchisees, this mutual interest was a

The Aztecs And The Incas Essays - Aztec, Civilizations, Tenochtitlan

The Aztecs And The Incas Essays - Aztec, Civilizations, Tenochtitlan The Aztecs and the Incas The Aztecs and the Incas are two of the most memorable ancient Indian tribes because of their accomplishments and the way that they flourished and became two of the most prominent tribes in the Americas. The Aztecs, also known as the Mexica, dominated central and southern Mexico from the 14th to 16th centuries and are best known for having established an empire based on conquest, tribute paying and the religious sacrifice of humans and animals. The Quechian-speaking Incas established an extensive Andean empire in South America shortly before the conquest of the New World by the Europeans. These two empires arose from lowly beginnings. The Aztecs were forced to occupy the swampy area the western side of Lake Texcoco after the fall of the Toltec civilization. They converted their disadvantageous beginning into a powerfully advanced empire within two centuries, partially because of their belief in a legend. The legend goes on to say that they would establish a great civilization in a marshy area where they would see a cactus growing out of a rock and perched on top, an eagle eating a snake. Priests supposedly saw this in 1325 upon arrival and founded the great city of Tenochtitlan. As the Aztecs grew in number, they established superior military and civil organizations. The Incas, on the other hand, had no legend to guide them. They were originally a small warlike tribe inhabiting the south highland region of the Cordillera Central in Peru. They moved into the valley of Cuzco in at about 1100 and for roughly the next 300 years, raided and whenever possible, imposed tribute on neighboring peoples. Until the middle of the 15th century, however, the Incas undertook no imperialistic expansion or political consolidation. The empire reached it?s greatest extent in the reign of Huayna Capac. By this time, the Incas controlled a territory roughly the size of the Atlantic Coast states of the US. The capital city of the Aztecs was an artificial island, formed by piling up mud from the lake bottom, called Tenochtitlan, inhabited by over 100000 people, twice the population of any European city at the time. Tenochtitlan means ?Place of the Cactus? and under Montezuma, it became the most powerful city in Mexico. It had an advanced water supply system, with public fountains and reservoirs throughout the city. Laid out into a grid pattern, it was divided by canals- ?roads? for canoe traffic- and into four districts, each with it?s own temples, schools and markets. The edges of the city had simple housed for the poor; the center had grand houses for the rich. Markets were held every five days and people from everywhere came to sell goods, exchange gossip and news. Officers patrolled the streets and thieves would be tried and punished on the spot. Tenochtitlan was indeed a very organized city. The Incan empire was an agriculturally based theocracy rigidly organized along socialistic lines. The entire domain was also divided into four great regions or quarters and these regions were subdivided into provinces and various other lesser socioeconomic groups. While Tenochtitlan had a system of canals and paved roads to keep the city together, there was a great network of stone roads connecting all parts of the realm to the capital city of Cuzco. Trained runners, working in relays, covered up to 400 km a day delivering messages. Like the Aztecs, who often traveled around their city in canoes, the Incas had Balsa wood boats which provided a rapid means of transportation along rivers and streams. Although the Incas had neither horses, nor a system of writing, authorities in Cuzco were able to keep in close touch with developments around the empire with this system. Communication was also enhanced by keeping numerical records of troops, supplies, population data, and general inventories by means of knotted and colored string called quipus. The imperial administrators had everything under control. While the Incans had no form of writing, the Aztecs used pictographic writing, hieroglyphics, recorded on animal hides. Some of these writings still exist today. The hieroglyphics can also still be found on the ruins of ancient temples. They used a calendar system developed by the earlier Mayan civilization. Both civilizations had numerous gods and paid sacrifices to them. The Incans had the gods of sun, stars and weather. Their goddesses were of the earth, moon and sea. They had numerous and elaborate ceremonies and rituals, primarily centered on health and agricultural concerns. Live animals were often sacrificed at

Early Modern Food Culture in Great Britain (16th and 17th Century) Essay

Early Modern Food Culture in Great Britain (16th and 17th Century) - Essay Example e who prepared food devoured by the fellow people of Shakespeare is illustrated most clearly in the volume ‘receipt books’ (Caton 1999, 6) they produced. This work presents recipes for â€Å"stew[ing] a calves head†, â€Å"pease pottage†, â€Å"a staple of the average person’s diet†, or cooking a â€Å"gooseberry foole† (Caton 1999, 6), documented by men and women who prepared these provisions five centuries ago. In 1610, Sarah Longe assembled her Receipt Booke. According to Heidi Brayman Hackel, Longe was â€Å"one of the respectable middling sort, the wife perhaps of a successful tradesman or a member of the lesser gentry† (Brown 2009, 30). She documented a procedure for wafers that were relished by King James and his Queen; however, it is a different wafer recipe in her work that shows the considerable dissimilarities between her kitchen and present-day kitchens (Brown 2009). She starts on, â€Å"Take halfe a pound of sugar, as much flower† (Schoonover 1998, 111). Then, when a few servings of rosewater and eleven eggs have been added: â€Å"Beate it 2 hours...; bake it an hour...; then you must dry it againe in the Sun or Oven† (Glasse 1983, 116). A different procedure for baking a cake starts on, â€Å"Take halfe a bushel of fflower, 8 pound of Currence, and 5 pounds of butter...† (Caton 1999, 100). Entertaining visitors and providing for her family were chall enging duties for Longe. Receipt Booke is one of various such works in the Folger compendium that shows the assortment to be seen in the food culture of early modern England (Caton 1999). This essay will discuss the food culture of early modern England, specifically sixteenth- and seventeenth-century England. Food preparation and consumption will be discussed in a wide-ranging perspective, from its roots in usual and substitute crops through innovation in agriculture, market transportation, and household delivery to its presentation on the table in traditional and modern foods and drinks. Bread, pottage,

Contemporary and Classic artworks Research Paper

Contemporary and Classic artworks - Research Paper Example The essay "THREE contemporary artworks" discovers the Three Artworks Illustrating The Aspect Of Interdisciplinary Practice. The genre of the sound is taken to be a contemporary artwork and is it an interdisciplinary based on nature. The artwork of sound can take a form of hybrid. The major difference between the sound art and the traditional way of painting is that, the art of sound encourages the concentration on the aural stimulation while the art of traditional painting concentrates on pleasing the eye. In the discipline of sound art, there is the use of music or rather sound technology to bring out the artwork in it. Sound art always focuses on the aesthetic ways of conveying sound. This is the best approach in sound art as it values the music and sound in it to be a worthwhile form as per the consideration of the history of arts. Now days, the art of sound can involve sound tools such as the noise sound, electronics and media which is definitely audio. Also, the environmental so und, sounds from the body of the human beings, acoustics and many more tools can be involved in the art of sound. Only significant and relevant tools or rather subjects which are part of the artwork which is contemporary can be used in the art of sound. According to the current scholars, the art of sound has now changed its role in the art of contemporary and also in its vocabulary of sound so as to fit in its works which are new unlike the art of classical discipline. Also, currently sound art has become more diversified.

Ancient Civilizations Governance Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Ancient Civilizations Governance - Essay Example The period of the Pharaohs started when the Lower and Upper Egypt were unified under the same state. Same us Mesopotamia the Nile was the only source of livelihood in Egypt as were Tigris and Euphrates. There were royal governors appointed to national administrative centers by the pharaoh who were worshiped as the god. During this period of the fourth dynasty it was strong than ever and it's when the pyramids were built to bury the pharaohs (Clare, 1906). They had a centralized form of government to organize the vast kingdom and hold on together, where they used slave labor from around Egypt. They are also known to be the cradle of civilization as their counterparts in Mesopotamia, who also had specialist in writing, stone cutters for pyramid construction as well as mathematicians and painters. The kingdom came to for fall during the fifth dynasty when civil wars arose and the regional governors revolted against the royal family which undermined the unity of the government (Alcock, 2001). Ancient Hebrews of Israel and Judah Israelites are traced in the book of genesis, with Abraham, Isaac and Jacob as their leaders in the beginning, where Abraham lived a nomadic lifestyle and bore the royal family of Israel that was later led by his son Isaac and his grandson Jacob. The history of Israelites and Judah is mostly found in the Bible conceptualization in the Old Testament, dedicated to the Bronze Age. After living in the desert, they conquered cities in Canaan such as Jericho, Hazor and Ai. The structures of Israelites were conforming to those of Canaanites states in their monarchial government, religion, economy and social structures, where they improved on these structures to establish a strong kingdom (Collingwood, 1946). The Israelite Kingdom... Ancient Civilizations Governance The habitants of Mesopotamia had a polytheistic religion, with same belief that the world was surrounded everywhere by water and it was a flat disc. As a region they had the same beliefs on the universe but they differed from one city state to another, where they refer to different gods and goddesses. The city states of the Sumerian people thrived independently of each other, where the larger cities would try and conquer the whole region to unify it under the latter's rule, where this was met with great resistance breaking down the empire most of the times (Clare, 1906). The Mesopotamian's believed that the authority of their rulers ( kings and queens) were anointed by their Gods, giving them total control over the populace as it was legitimized by the religion of the land. Other rulers were believed to be as gods being more than two-thirds gods and lesser human. The empire was divided into the city states which were known as provinces and were headed by a governor who made sure that people paid their taxes, gathered soldiers for war, supplied workers for building temples and was entirely in responsible for law enforcement in his state. Some of the early city states were Samaria, Damascus, and Nineveh and later there was Babylon which expanded much during the times of Hammurabi's rule. Growth and prosperity in this period was stagnant as a series of plagues and famines had reduced the populace almost by half leading to peasant revolts and social unrest. This also threatened the Catholic Church’s unity.

Memory Loss and Cognitive Impairment of the Elderly

Memory Loss and Cognitive Impairment of the Elderly CHAPTER V DISCUSSION, SUMMARY, CONCLUSION, IMPLICATIONS LIMITATIONS AND RECOMENDATIONS This chapter deals with discussion, summary and conclusion drawn. It also clarifies the limitation of the study, the implications and recommendations given for different areas such as nursing practice, nursing education, nursing administration and research. Memory loss is unusual forgetfulness. May not able to remember the new incidents, recall more memories of the past or both .Memory loss can be distressing for the person affected as well as for their family. Mild cognitive impairment is a syndrome defined as cognitive decline greater than expected for an individual’s age and education levels but that does not interfere notably with activities of daily life. Age related changes in cognitive function vary considerably across individuals. Some cognitive functions appearing more susceptible than others to the effect of aging. DISCUSSION: The present study was designed to assess the memory loss and cognitive impairment for the elder peoples. The investigator adopted descriptive research design. The data collected for the study were analyzed statistically and discussed below based on objectives. i) Demographic Description: Demographic variables included Age , Sex , Education , Monthly income before coming to the old age home , Marital status , Occupation before coming to the old age home , Duration of stay in the old age home , Family history of mental illness , Source of income . Out of 60 elderly majority of the people 26 ( 43.33%) were between the age group of 76 – 80 yrs , regarding the sex 36 ( 60%) people are males ,regarding the educational status 50 ( 83.33 %) people had primary education , regarding the monthly income 46( 76.66%) people are getting RS ,3000-5000, 39 ( 65%) people married , 24 ( 40%) people are in private job , 30 ( 50%) people are staying 1-2 years in the old age home , 55( 91.66% ) people are not having family history of mental illness , 20 ( 33.33%) people are having source of income from the children. 1) The first objective of the study was to assess the memory loss and cognitive impairment among elder people. Among 60 samples 1 (1.66%) of them scored between 61-80 (Mild memory loss), 19 (31.66%) of them scored between 41- 60 (Moderate memory loss), 40 (66.66%) of them scored between 21- 40 (Severe memory loss), and there is no people in very severe memory loss among elderly. This study was supported by Chips .J Pillai., et al (2009), conducted a early assessment of memory impairment in people over 65 years old . Tests used for the early diagnosis with memory loss are Wechsler memory scale. They recorded 74.5 % of memory complaints for old age people. Memory consultations were assessed at clinical settings and improve the access to early medical and behavioral support. Among 60 samples 3(5%) of them scored between 21-25 (Mild cognitive impairment), 56 (93.33%) of them scored between 11- 20 (Moderate cognitive impairment), 1 (1.66%) of them scored between 0-10 (Severe cognitive impairment) among elderly. This study was supported by Cynthia Thomas et al ( 2005 ) , conducted the study on cognitive assessment for elderly ; A brief screening test for mild cognitive impairment. Mini mental status examination administered to all the participants. 94 Participants meeting mild cognitive impairment clinical criteria. The study concluded that 55%people detect mild cognitive impairment. 2) The second objective of the study was association between the memory loss with demographic variables: The chi square value for the association of age and memory loss among elderly is significant 0.001 levels. Hence, a significant association between age and memory loss. There is no significant association between memory loss with sex , education , occupation before coming to the old age home , marital status , income before coming to the old age home , duration of stay in the old age home , family history of mental illness , source of income among elderly. This study was supported by Gary .J Kennedy (2008), assessed the age associated memory impairment. 160 participants were selected with the age group of 70 -80 years. Used 4 computerized 3 non computerized memory tests. The participants score was low on two memory test. The data suggest that 80 % subjects had memory impairment. 3) The third objective was to associate the cognitive impairment with demographic variables. There is no significant association between cognitive impairment with demographic variables such as age , sex , education , occupation before coming to the old age home , marital status , income before coming to the old age home , duration of stay in the old age home , family history of mental illness , and source of income among elderly. This study was supported by John .M Starr et al (1999) conducted a study on age associated cognitive decline in healthy older people. Results were the study fails to support the hypothesis that cognitive decline can be attributed to age alone in healthy older people. They detected 57% older people had moderate cognitive impairment. 4) The fourth objective was to assess the correlation between memory loss and cognitive impairment. Mean value for memory loss is 38.3 and standard deviation value is 5.60, and mean value for cognitive impairment is 15.5 and standard deviation value is 2.89. Correlation of memory loss and cognitive impairment score is 0.407. It is evident that there is a positive correlation between memory loss and cognitive impairment among elderly. This study was supported by Noboru Habu., et al (2010). Conducted a cross sectional study on relationship between mild memory impairment and cognitive impairment. Results were the study there is a correlation of coefficient of memory loss and cognitive impairment(r = 0.391). There is a positive correlation between memory loss and cognitive impairment among elderly. SUMMARY The present study aimed to assess the memory loss and cognitive impairment among elderly at ST. JOSEPH old age home in Coimbatore. The objectives were to: 1) Assess the memory loss and cognitive impairment among elderly. 2) Associate the memory loss with demographic variables among elderly 3) Associate the cognitive impairment with demographic variables among elderly. 4) Correlate the memory loss and cognitive impairment among elderly. Review of literature facilitated the investigator to collect the relevant information to support the study. The researcher adopted descriptive research design for conducting this study. The conceptual frame work was based on Modified bio psychosocial model 1999. The researcher to identify the memory loss and cognitive impairment among elderly. 60 elderly were selected by convenient sampling technique .The tool used for data collection consists of Wechsler memory scale, mini mental status examination. The data was collected for a period of 6 weeks in ST. JOSEPH OLD AGE HOME Coimbatore. Based on the objectives, data were analyzed using both descriptive and inferential statistics. MAJOR FINDINGS OF THE STUDY: According to statistical analysis, 1(1.66%) elderly had mild memory loss. 19(31.66%) elderly had moderate memory loss. 40(66.66%) elderly had severe memory loss. 3(5%) elderly had mild cognitive impairment. 56(93.33%) elderly had moderate cognitive impairment. 1(1.66%) elderly had severe cognitive impairment. Chi square value for the association of age with memory loss is significant at 0.001 levels. So these findings indicated that as age progress the memory will get decreased. Chi square value for the association of cognitive impairment with demographic variables is not significant. Mean value for memory loss is 38.3 and standard deviation is 5.60. Mean value for cognitive impairment is 15.5 and standard deviation is 2.89. The findings indicated that the Correlation value of memory loss and cognitive impairment is 0.407. It was evident that there is positive correlation between memory loss and cognitive impairment. It can be assumed when memory loss get increased the cognitive impairment also will increase. CONCLUSION: That it is concluded that elderly are suffers from memory loss and cognitive impairment, there is a significant association between age and memory loss. As the age progress the memory will get decreased. And there is no significant association between cognitive impairment with demographic variables. There is a positive correlation between memory loss and cognitive impairment among elderly. IMPLICATIONS: The present study findings have several implications in nursing practice, nursing education, nursing administration and nursing research. Nurse can assess the problems of elderly and prevent further complication. Nursing practice: Increased attention towards family members regarding care of elderly. Nurses can provide memory training for the elderly. Nurses can advice the elderly to maintain the diary for remembering important matters. Nurses can provide counselling for psychological problems of the elderly. Nursing Education: Nursing educator plays an important role for preparing the nurses for caring the elderly and meets the psychological and physical needs of the elderly. Nursing educator Involve the students in memory training program. Nursing educator ways to improve and maintain cognitive health. Nursing Administration: Nursing administrator can plan and organizing community based classes to the community people regarding improving memory and cognitive impairment among elderly. Nursing administrator can encourage students to participate in health education and counselling programme for the family members. Nursing administrator can conduct in-service education, workshop, continuing nursing education to the nursing students and update their knowledge about needs (physical psychological) for the elderly. Nursing Research: This study can be baseline for future studies to build on. Nursing research provides evidence based clinical practice. LIMITATIONS: This study was limited to single setting. This study was limited to the sample size of 60 elderly. This study was limited to only assessment of memory loss and cognitive impairment among elderly. RECOMMENDATIONS: A study can be conducted to find out the needs of the elderly A study can be conducted in various settings. A study can be conducted to psychological and physical problems of elderly. A study can be conducted to compare the memory loss and cognitive impairment of elderly staying in old age home and staying in home. A study can be conducted in community settings. A study can be conducted memory loss and cognitive impairment can affect the activities of daily living and occupational functions of the elderly. ABSTRACT The present study entitled, study to ASSESS THE MEMORY LOSS AND COGNITIVE IMPAIRMENT AMONG ELDERLY AT ST. JOSEPH OLD AGE HOME COIMBATORE. The objectives of the study were to assess the memory loss and cognitive impairment among elderly, associate the memory loss with demographic variables among elderly, associate the cognitive impairment with demographic variables among elderly, and correlate the memory loss and cognitive impairment among elderly. Descriptive research design was adopted for this study. This study was conducted in ST.JOSEPH old age home, Coimbatore. The sample size was 60 elderly. The Conceptual frame work adopted for this study was Modified bio psychosocial model (1999). The study was conducted for a period of six weeks. The tools used to assess the memory loss and cognitive impairment is Wechsler memory scale and Mini mental status examination. The results of the study were Among 60 samples, 1.66% elderly had mild memory loss, 31.66% elderly had moderate memory loss , and 66.66% elderly had severe memory loss. In cognitive impairment 5% elderly had mild cognitive impairment, 93.33% elderly had moderate cognitive impairment, and 1.66% elderly had severe cognitive impairment. There is a significant association between age and memory loss .There is no significant association between cognitive impairment with demographic variables. Positive correlation between memory loss and cognitive impairment among elderly. The study concluded that as the age progress the memory will get decreased.

A Separate Peace :: essays research papers

Sitting in my third grade classroom we chattered anxiously, waiting for the spelling quizzes to be passed back. My teacher placed them all facing down on our desks, a rather pointless effort when she was already aware that at any moment the room would burst into havoc with yells of "what did you get?", shouting numbers back and forth, and of course superior comments from the students proud of their marks. I quickly flipped mine over and grinned at the 8/10 scrawled in red marker near the top of the page. "What did you get?" sure enough my friend Jenny thrust me her paper. As I stared down at her 100% sitting aside a bright yellow smiley sticker I felt a familiar twinge of jealousy. From that day on I had a secret goal to achieve higher marks than my friend. I can not remember when this rivalry ended, but I do know that it is normal behavior. Each person feels rivalry or competition to other humans, for the majority of their lifetime. This rivalry greatly affects our ability to understand others, and this eventually results in war, discrimination, and enmity. Children are definitely culprits for acting inhumane to each other with teasing, competition, and often hurtful remarks. Although this is the way children often act, it is in the teenage years realization, along with careful thought and consideration, brings each individual to understand wider prospects of human nature; that people coldly drive ahead for themselves alone. Man’s inhumanity1 to man is a way for people to protect themselves from having pain inflicted on them by fellow humans, and achieving their goals and desires free from interference of others. The concept of man’s inhumanity to man is developed in John Knowles’ novel, A Separate Peace. The primary conflict in this novel centers on the main character, Gene, and his battling of jealousy, paranoia, and inability to understand his relationship with his best friend Phineas. Yet the larger battle of man’s inhumanity to man is portrayed by the backdrop of World War II. Gene Forrester is an average, studious, young man attending Devon school in New Hampshire during the second World War. His roommate at Devon, Phineas (otherwise known as Finny) sends Gene on an unexpected journey of self discovery. Finny represents man in his innocence, a kind of edenic2 Adam. He is very athletic, honest and trusting.

On the Absence of Self-Control as the Basis for a General Theory of Crime Essay

Self-control theory theorizes the single most important factor behind crime is an individual’s lack of self-control. This is explored and explained much more in-depth in A General Theory of Crime. In this book, Gottfredson and Hirschi theorized that low self-control is the root to all crime at all times and ultimately the general theory of crime. They referenced back to the cause of low self-control describing the parenting that they claim is to blame and therefore theorized that bad parenting leads to low self-control that leads to crime, making low self-control the root of all crime. Gilbert Geis, a criminologist, has dissected the theory and found many deficiencies regarding its applicability to all crime. Although Geis admires the attempt to generalize a theory to explain all crime he also admires a saying that states â€Å"nothing is more tragic than the murder of a grand theory by a little fact† (p. 77). Through many examples of different crimes, criminal behaviors, and scenarios, Geis was able to dispute the self-control theory in regards to: its definition of crime, the matter of tautology, its discussion of criminal law, its inclusion of the acts analogous to crimes, exceptions to the theory, the role played in the theory by the concept of opportunity, its views about specialization in criminal behavior, its handling of the matter of aging, how it deals with white collar crime, research on the theory, ideological issues, and child-rearing and the theory. How much variance can the theory explain? There should be one theory per one type of crime. It is not likely that any contributing variable is applicable for all crimes. This is the idea that fueled Geis to dispute the claims made by Gottfredson and Hirschi. The idea of creating one general theory is too great of a goal where as a more modest and effective goal would be to create a family or group of theories to explain the root of most crime. It is believed by Geis that this self-control theory will be sloughed off as a general theory to explain all crime. Everything should be made as simple as possible but not simpler than possible. Research and facts that are incompatible with the theory should not have to be explained away or shaped to fit within the patterns consistent to the theory. A study conducted in 2007 by Cretacci examined self-controls ability to explain different forms of crime and whether the support that it has gained has been exaggerated. The results collected from these tests indicated that self-control theory is a predictor of probability of involvement in property and drug crime but is practically silent in its ability to explain crimes of violent nature. In addition to this, Cretacci also has found many logical deficits that exist in many explanations the theory is supposed to serve. One particular deficit is the idea of the stability of self-control. According to Gottfredson and Hirschi the level of self-control an individual possesses levels out around the age of 7 and remains the same throughout the individual’s lifetime. This information was only supported by one resource. Questioning this claim, Turner and Piquero conducted a study in 2002 to reexamine the resource utilized by Gottfredson and Hirschi that resulted in mixed support for their claim. Geis feels that the idea of explaining a massive field with one general theory is impossible. This belief applies to all human acts and broad categories such as criminal behavior. There are too many variables within a broad category or topic as such to be fully explained by one explanation. Human nature drives us to believe such easy explanations for sake of simplicity and solidity and this is often why individuals tend to hold theories such as this for truth even when factual research and support contradict said theory. A famous scientist once said â€Å"Nothing is more surprising than the way in which a theory will continue to survive long after its brains have been knocked out† (p. 177)

History and Inventors of Beds and Mattresses

History and Inventors of Beds and Mattresses A bed is a piece of furniture upon which a person may recline or sleep, in many cultures and for for many centuries the bed was considered the most important piece of furniture in the house and a type of status symbol. Beds were used in ancient Egypt as more than a place for sleeping, beds were used as a place to eat meals and entertain socially. The Mattress Among the earliest beds were simple, shallow boxes or chests in stuffed or layered with soft bedding. Later, ropes or strips of leather were suspended across a wooden framework to create a soft basis to sleep on. By the 15th century, most beds were built upon these straps of support over timber. The mattress itself evolved to be a sort of bag filled fiber like straw or wool, and then covered in common, inexpensive cloth. In the mid 18th century, the cover became made of quality linen or cotton, the mattress cane box was shaped or bordered and the fillings available were natural and plenty, including coconut fibre, cotton, wool, and horsehair. The mattresses also became tufted or buttoned to hold the fillings and cover together and the edges were stitched. Iron and steel replaced the past timber frames in the late 19th century. The most expensive beds of 1929 were latex rubber mattresses produced by the very successful Dunlopillo. Pocket spring mattresses were also introduced. These were individual springs sewn into linked fabric bags. Waterbeds The first water-filled beds were goatskins filled with water, used in Persia more than 3,600 years ago. In 1873, Sir James Paget at St. Bartholomews Hospital presented a modern waterbed designed by Neil Arnott as a treatment and prevention of pressure ulcers (bed sores). Waterbeds allowed mattress pressure to be evenly distributed over the body. By 1895, a few waterbeds were sold via mail order by the British store, Harrods. They looked like, and probably were, very large hot water bottles. Due to lack of suitable materials, the waterbed did not gain widespread use until the 1960s, after the invention of vinyl. Murphy Bed Murphy Bed, the bedding idea of 1900 was invented by American William Lawrence Murphy (1876 to 1959) from San Francisco. The space-saving Murphy Bed folds into a wall closet. William Lawrence Murphy formed the Murphy Bed Company of New York, the second oldest oldest furniture manufacturer in the United States. Murphy patented his In-A-Dor bed in 1908, however, he did not trademark the name Murphy Bed.

Example English Sentences of the Verb Beat

Example English Sentences of the Verb Beat A good writer should march to the beat of a different drum, except marching to that beat represents a cliche, something all writers should avoid. In the preceding sentence, beat wore the trappings of a noun, but, like many words, its versatile enough to perform additional duties as a verb or adjective. We will concern ourselves with examples of beat as a verb in all of its tenses, including in the active, passive, conditional, and modal forms. All Forms of Beat Base Form beat / Past Simple beat / Past Participle beaten / Gerund beating Present Simple I often beat my friends at chess. Present Simple Passive Jack is usually beaten by Mary in poker. Present Continuous Johnson is beating Anderson in the boxing match. Present Continuous Passive Anderson is being beaten by Johnson in the boxing match. Present Perfect Peter has beaten me at least fifty times at chess. Present Perfect Passive Ive have been beaten at chess at least fifty times by Peter. Present Perfect Continuous None Past Simple Jennifer beat me last week. Past Simple Passive I was beaten by Jennifer last week. Past Continuous I was beating Peter in that game when you walked in the door. Past Continuous Passive Peter was being beaten when you walked in the door. Past Perfect Tom had beaten Jane at least ten times before Jane finally won a match. Past Perfect Passive Jane had been beaten by Tom at least time times before she finally won a match. Past Perfect Continuous None Future (will) I will beat you the next time we play. Future (will) Passive She will be beaten in the next match. Future (going to) Look! Jack is going to beat Mark. Future (going to) Passive Look! Mark is going to be beaten by Mark. Future Continuous This time next week, Ill be beating you in our rematch. Future Perfect By the time you read this, he will have been beaten by his opponent. Future Possibility I think  she might beat Ralph in the next game. Real Conditional If she continues like this, she will beat her opponent. Unreal Conditional If she played better, she would beat Jack. Past Unreal Conditional If Peter had concentrated more, he would have beaten his opponent. Present Modal He should beat Mark. Past Modal They must have beaten their opponents. They are so much better at chess! Quiz: Conjugate With Beat Use the verb to beat to conjugate the following sentences. Quiz answers are below. In some cases, more than one answer may be correct. Jennifer _____ me last week.Tom _____ Jane at least ten times before Jane finally won a match.Johnson ______ Anderson in the boxing match.If Peter had concentrated more, he _____ his opponent.Look! Mark _____ by Mark.Peter _____ me at least fifty times at chess.Jack _____ usually _____ by Mary in poker.I often _____ my friends at chess.By the time you read this, he ______ by his opponent. Quiz Answers beathad beatenis beatingwould have beatenis going to be beaten  has beatenis beatenbeatwill have been beaten

Pushing Tin Movie Review Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Pushing Tin - Movie Review Example Although Nick is a happily married man to a sweet wife Connie, he falls for Bells wife when he met her at a supermarket. Nick has a sincere character full of intelligence that enables him get on the track, through Bell’s help after her wife leaves him. The movie unravels several stress levels experienced by a diverse workforce. The changing times of globalisation comes with added demands on the workers to perform more duties diligently at the same pay as before. Integrated stress model describes stressors as occurring in workplaces, which include nonworking experiences, and during major life transitions (Edward 410). Lazarus and Folkman as quoted by NEIU argue that stressors are life experiences or circumstances that threaten a major goal including maintenance of ones physical integrity and psychological well being (Kemeny 1). Stressors affect various cognition states causing anxiety, sadness, frustration, helplessness, and an overwhelmed self-being. The model advocates for filtering stressors in that a stressor can be exciting to one person and harmful to another. In addition, the model suggests personality, skills, family health history, demographics, diet, and physical fitness as some moderators of stress. From the movie Pushing Tin, Nick’s skills make him outstanding on a job that has so much pressure. When the airline management decides to layoff other air controllers, Nick manages to keep his job. He boasts of his ability to handle intense stress in a job that has a very high percentage of staff turnovers. Integrated model helps us explain why two individuals subjected to similar stressful work conditions will behave differently. While the job conditions excite and work well for Nick, the same conditions are so adverse to other air controllers and they have to quick job. Nick has special capabilities and resilience that makes him stand out. In the same stressful working conditions, Bell comes in and outperforms

The Scientific Method Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

The Scientific Method - Essay Example Used materials: I required three items to complete this research: 1. A notebook in which I recorded the results 2. Five 1.5 ounce Planter's NUT.rition bags 3. Five paper towels on which to place the contents of each bag Methods: Each bag of Planter's NUT.rition was poured out onto a paper towel, and the nuts sorted by type. The total number of nuts per bag and the number of each type were recorded in a notebook. Results and Analysis: The number of nuts per bag and the type are given in Table 1: Bag Number Peanuts Hazelnuts Pistachios Almonds Pecans Total Nuts 1 30 2 16 9 9 66 2 27 1 15 10 4 57 3 33 3 14 8 6 64 4 31 5 8 5 9 58 5 29 1 12 7 7 56 These results tell us that the proportions of types of nuts in a Planter's NUT.rition bag are not equal between bags. The proportions of each type of nut in the bag are given in Table 2: Bag Number Peanuts Hazelnuts Pistachios Almonds Pecans 1 0.45 0.03 0.24 0.14 0.14 2 0.47 0.02 0.26 0.18 0.07 3 0.51 0.05 0.23 0.13 0.09 4 0.53 0.08 0.14 0.09 0. 16 5 0.52 0.02 0.21 0.13 0.13 The biggest variation was seen in the pistachios (+/- 0.12) and the smallest difference was seen in the peanuts and hazelnuts (+/- 0.06). However, none of the bags showed similar proportions in all five types of nuts, even if proportions were similar between one or two types.