Personal Letter to University Statement Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Letter to University - Personal Statement Example The best explanation behind me to seek after college examines (state, post-optional training) is to connect my vocation advantages and individual interests under a solitary rooftop. My own involvement in imbalances in our (Afghanistan) culture constrained me to take a vow to utilize each chance to serve the poor. As the wide hole among rich and poor is getting more extensive, the job of a social laborer is significant. Additionally, as an individual who speaks to underdeveloped nations, I am very much aware of the way that my obligation is high. In this way, I will likely obtain the aptitudes and information that the undergrad program in social work can offer so as to have any kind of effect on the planet. Along these lines, I have decided to seek after a post-auxiliary instruction in Bachelor of Social Work since this course can assist me with emerging my own and vocation objectives. As an individual with exceptional deference towards social work, my favored territory of study is Social Work and I am applying for Bachelor of Social Work at the York University. My future profession objectives are profoundly established in my own encounters. For instance, my own involvement with my homeland, for example Afghanistan inspired me a ton to seek after a profession in social work. My ethnic way of life as an individual from Afghanistan, which faces the popularity/issue of inward revolts, regular disasters, inadequacy in framework advancement, poor everyday environment of the residents, and so forth constrain me to be in the front line of social work. I feel very sure that an age with instruction and ceaseless goal towards social work can change the eventual fate of my country. Since I have moved to Canada, there still remains the desire in me to serve the general public inside my private and open space. Ming-aggregate Tsui in the work ‘Social work management: setti ngs and concepts’ clarifies that preparation programs led by colleges changed the conventional social work situation (Tsui 7). Along these lines, the most significant inspiration for my choice to

European Union Countries

European Union Countries Presentation European Union itself reflects globalization by changing laws of European nations, and furthermore European Union is significant in universes economy methodologies. I'm not catching globalization's meaning, undoubtedly? By definition, globalization is a procedure of progress in a zone, for example, innovation, exchange market of war, which influences the entire world. Now and then globalization can bring an incredible present for the individuals of the world, now and again not. The primary thought of the European Union intends to carry the harmony to the entire world by regarding human rights and by joining individuals together. As I said over the globalization needs to influence in any event not many nations or entire world, other astute it isn't globalization. The fact is that European Union comprises of twenty seven sovereign nations. What's more, choice which originates from the European Union influences this twenty seven nations. Likewise European Union has huge impact in world exchange advertise, as a result of the cash of the European Union is in the runner up in exchange showcase. Additionally, economy of the European Union remains on the second spot by the universes rates. Likewise, the European Union has voice in United Nations association, and it can change the vast majority of the choices either in great manner or terrible. The historical backdrop of the European people group is extraordinary, and it had encountered nearly everything. European people group had encountered wars between neighbor nations, insurgencies, expansionism and numerous different things. Be that as it may, presently European people group is one of the most grounded affordable powers on the planet. More often than not the European Union was a global association, yet now it has large impact in military administrations, additionally it works in money related arrangement of the European nations, and it has huge significance in economy. The European Union is a piece of the legislature for every European nation. Additionally, the financial arrangement of the European Union is one of the huge frameworks in Eurasia, which gives monetary security in European Countries. European Union All the extraordinary and incredible associations were not made on the double. Associations were made bit by bit, and improving their noticeable and powerless elements. In our days one of the amazing and affected associations is European. â€Å"Europe won't be made at the same time, or as indicated by a solitary, general arrangement. It will be worked through solid accomplishments, which initially make a factor of solidarity†. (Robert Schuman). With this words Schuman affirmation precisely anticipated the manner by which the Community has become the Union today. At the point when the European nations made the European Union, the primary objective of the association was to increase a harmony between European nations. In 1950 the European associations, for example, European Coal and Steel Community began to join nations, since this associations needed to keep the harmony between European nations, and furthermore it was large advantage to European nations in conservative and political circles. Belgium, France, Germany, Italy, Luxemburg and the Netherlands were the nations which framed first European Union. The discourse given by French Foreign Minister Robert Schuman roused European nations to join together. (The historical backdrop of EU). One of the victories which European Union picked up was halting of custom charges between European nations. Likewise, the part nations of the European Union made agreement between every others to control creation of food. This choice was made to improve rural structure, and the European Union needed to deliver enough nourishment for the part nations. (The ‘Swinging Sixties a time of monetary development). â€Å"1962 The Council of Europe receives the principal mandate. It builds up the EEC worldwide staple guideline by characterizing which colorants can be added to food.† (BBC News, 5 December, 2000). In 1967 the European Union had joined the primary decision establishments, for example, European Parliament, Commission and Court. (History of the European Union). Which implied that European foundations fill in as one framework, and every part nation of the European Union had an individual who introduced the countys interests. In 1992 the Treaty of Maastricht offered to ha ve one single armed force, which in the circumstance of the danger they can ensure every others premiums as one influence (History of the European Union). The European Union comprises of twenty seven sovereign nations. Part nations of the European Union: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxemburg, Malta, Netherlands, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, and the United Kingdom (Member State of the European Union). As the realities appears there are more nations which need to join European Union, and one of the primary competitor is Turkey. The principle accomplishment of these provinces is popular government. Vote based system intends to ensure human qualities, and it implies opportunity. These are the principle esteems which European nations store. For over 50 years, the European Union has: conveyed 50 years of strength, harmony and thriving inside its part nations. European Union increased its residents expectations of living to phenomenal levels, and even reinforced Europes voice on the planet. The European Union has given its part nations residents a wide range of advantages in various parts of life. It has made life simpler and increasingly helpful from numerous points of view. It has even advanced harmony and a feeling of fraternity between old opponent countries. Another advantage of the European Union is a solitary money. Joining European Union has numerous advantages, for example, political, conservative, social, and ecological. Republic of Poland, for instance, increased every one of these advantages joining the European Union. The political advantage of Republic of Poland is to take part in acknowledgment of the laws in European organizations. Likewise, joining to the European Union gives Polish individuals to go with out visa in Europe, and Polish individuals can secure the positions in any piece of the European Union. What's more, Republic of Poland can rely on European Armys support in a circumstance of war strife. The prudent advantages are open market, changes in horticulture, and Poland can settle their swelling. Open market will give Poland to sell their items in each European nation, which will assist with expanding rivalry among organizations, and it will diminish the costs of products. (Joining European Union, List of Benefits) The social advantage which Poland picked up was European guidelines of life. Likewise the Polish understudies who concentrate in different pieces of European Union can get grant, and they can give their insight about Poland to understudy abroad. Another significant advantage is ecological advantage which Republic of Poland picked up joining European Union. The Poland ought to follow the natural parts of European Union, which implies they will improve their ecological issues. (Joining European Union, List of Benefits). The European Union has given its residents more prominent opportunity of development. Going inside the European Union countries is currently extremely helpful. In a large portion of the European Union you can go without conveying visa and without being halted for the checks at the fringes. A resident of the European Union can travel, study and work any place she or he decides to in any of the European Union nations. Offices and approaches of European Union The European Union has an unpredictable framework. It has various bodies conveying distinctive significant occupations that make the framework work appropriately. Each activity has its centrality. While all the part nations of the European Union work as one, and its framework work well as one body, they become extremely effective as they take on numerous troublesome errands of achieving an assembled, incorporated Europe. The nations that make up European Union are totally dedicated to a similar principal esteems, for example, harmony and majority rules system. Also, in this bases every single decision foundation has been made. The primary establishments of the European Union: the European Parliament, the Council of the European Union, the European Commission, the Court of Justice and the European Court of Auditors. (EU foundations and different bodies). The European Parliament is one of the fundamental foundations of the European Union. The principle employment of the European Parliament is to present the new enactments. Likewise European Parliament offers thoughts on new enactments, and it settles on choices about new enactments along with the Council of Ministers. An official choice of the new enactment must be taken by the European parliament and the Council of Ministers. Likewise, the name of the European Parliament is â€Å"watch dog† of the European Union. They named European Parliament as â€Å"watch dog† on the grounds that it screens all activities in European Union. Likewise European Parliament screens spending plan of the European Union, in light of the fact that the cash of the EU financial plan must be circulated legitimately. The areas of the European Parliament are Brussels, Strasbourg and Luxemburg. The Members of the European Parliament are chosen by the individuals whose nation they speak to. Likewise , the European Parliament is chosen at regular intervals by the residents of the European nations. (The European Parliament) The Council of the European Union is a principle foundation which takes official choices passing new enactment. The Council of the European Union comprises of twenty seven pastors. Each priest speaks to the nation wherein the individual has been chosen to speak to nation. At the point when the Council of the European Union will acknowledge new enactment which can influence circle of transportation, at that point the Minister of Transport will join in, etc. (The Council of the European Union) The European Commissions fundamental employment is to get ready new enactment and laws before the enactment will be acknowledged in the European Parliament. The European Commission likewise carries out a responsibility as the peacemaker. When

Sample on Business Laws in the USA

Sample on Business Laws in the USA The Effectiveness of Business Laws in the USA Feb 4, 2019 in Business Introduction Antitrust and competition laws aim at ensuring that the lowest price possible is charged for the provision of high quality services and goods customers are acquiring. The demand and supply forces in the market significantly determine, control, or influence the prices of products. However, the market is not always perfect. Entities may take over it and exploit consumers totally. Similarly, the latter may exploit businesses driving them to a closure. In such situations, companies have an impact. The competition laws allow businesses to freely place their products in the marketplace and promote them in order to attract a market share (International Trade Administration, 2013). Laws that tough on the international business allow foreign entities to conduct business activities in America due to United States based businesses explore the global market. Although some additional regulations should be implemented, the present ones are quite effective since they further competitive business pr actices.

The Function of the Quest or Journey Motif in the Apology...

The quest, in the classical era to the modern notions of the word has meant a coming of age or to notions of learning where at the beginning there was nothing known. The quest in its very nature is a search to find an answer, an artifact of power and wealth or perhaps even for peace; in the platonic dialogues they play a crucial role in the Apology of Socrates and the Crito. The Apology in the trial and death of Socrates is an example of a quest or journey motif applied, whether or not quest or journey is the preferred word is left to you who are reading this. In the apology, Plato is accused of corrupting the youth of Athens and of Atheism, to elaborate on these they are one and the same as Socrates is claimed to have corrupted the minds†¦show more content†¦It is to fulfill some such function that I believe the god has placed me in the city† and further claims his works were for the betterment of the people in his state, never to have charged a fee to teach and never to have been a madman as portrayed by the play of Meletus, Aristophanes, a portrayal of him walking on air and a series of nonsense. From an alternate perspective the Apology is more or less a dissection of the journey motif in a narrative as it explains the process of how Socrates arrived at his ill fate of death and condemnation by his peers, mirrored by other forms of storytelling like Shakespeare’s literary works. A point to be taken of the quest motif applied to the apology is the actions taken by asking the questions he needed to deduce that politicians were liars to the people, poets didn’t understand their own meanings and works and that craftsmen were pretentious speaking as if he were the voice of the oracle of Delphi. His actions thus earning him the ire of the people he claimed to such, the most prominent of which in their stand against Socrates were Meletus, Anytus and Lycon, this represents the establishment of an antagonistic force to be combated by Socrates in his defense, an important part of the motif that purveys the story to continue on. In retrospect the use of the quest in the apology is to convey the knowledge learned by

Literature Review of Organizational Change, 2000 to 2008

Introduction There has been a considerable body of literature dedicated to assisting organisational leaders in their endeavours to implement change (Holt, Self, Thal Lo 2002). Many authors concur that the prime task of leaders is to bring about change and that leadership and change management are indeed inextricably linked (Burnes 2003, Stoker 2006, Maurer 2008). Robinson and Harvey (2008) maintain that the acceleration of globalisation has resulted in a tumultuous state of change as organisations struggle to adapt to new models of leadership. Consequently, few would dispute that with such increasing globalisation, deregulation, rapid pace of technology and shifting social and demographic trends that leading organisational change is†¦show more content†¦(2003) who argue that regardless of the specific phases of the change process or which type of change model is used, the extent of success at the end of the process is affected by the leader’s ability to influence members of th e organisation to adopt and implement change. Essentially these ‘influence strategies’ encourage affected employees to adopt and exhibit the appropriate behaviours that translate into organisational gains (Holt et al. 2003). Landrum, Howell and Paris (2000) also point out the importance of being able to apply leadership skills that will gain commitment from followers and change attitudes, beliefs and if necessary the goals of followers. Accordingly, it can be seen that one of the skills a leader and indeed a change leader must possess is the ability to influence employees. This gives rise to establish what specific skills an individual change leader requires to exert this influence. Graetz (2000) and Ellinger, Ellinger and Keller (2003) highlight that there has been a radical shift in the role of senior managers from the traditional authoritarian, command and control style to a more open, participative approach that emphasises a non-positional, team-based and empowering model. With the focus on cooperation, communication and collaboration, Graetz (2000) maintains that managers need to adopt a completely different range of leadership skills in addition to the traditional technical dimensions of management. Stewart andShow MoreRelatedA Study On Refining Organizational Training Essay951 Words   |  4 Pagescapabilities is at the core front of any organization. This capstone literature review plan focuses on refining organizational training research, demonstrating an understanding of current organizational environment and limitations, and how the capstone project can fit in the global context of training. II. Describe a plan to collect and organize literature that explains the history of the topic. This capstone project literature review will consist of historic and present studies of employee trainingRead MoreEvaluation Of A Project On Training Curriculum Development1198 Words   |  5 PagesI. INTRODUCTION This capstone project literature review intends among others things, to refine the research ideas, demonstrate awareness of the current state of knowledge on training curriculum development, its limitations and how the research fits in the context of a learning organization. This research process makes a good starting point for the capstone project. The research uses evidence from conceptual theories to database research literature from several learning organizations training Read MoreSocial Leadership, Global Management, And Millennial Leadership Essay1167 Words   |  5 PagesChapter Two In this chapter, it will provide an overview of the literature that has been included in this proposed study. The literature used in this chapter was developed and reviewed by various articles, books, magazines, website journals, and peer reviewed articles on management, mentoring, global leadership, global management, and millennial leadership. The gaps in literature within this study were based on literature that was used between 1999 and present. The conceptual framework used in thisRead MoreThe Impact Of Organizational Citizenship Behaviour By The Five Dimensions, Antecedents And Their Consequences1648 Words   |  7 PagesTitle : Literature Review Due date : 23rd November 2015 Date submitted : 19th November 2015 Word count : 1472 Declaration: I have read and understand the Rules relating to Awards (Rule 3.18) as contained in the University Handbook. I understand the penalties that apply for plagiarism and agree to be bound by these rules. The work I am submitting electronically is entirely my own work . Signed : Aneesh Rama Date : 19th November 2015 Literature Review AbstractRead MoreCross-Cultural Problems in the Uae1641 Words   |  7 PagesWith Cross-Cultural Differences at Workplace in the UAE OR Impact of Cross-Cultural Differences On Adjustment of Expatriate Employees in the Work Environment of the UAE INTRODUCTION / LITERATURE REVIEW The working environment in the UAE has seen huge changes in the last 25 years or so. The change has been introduced primarily by the opening up of multinational firms in the UAE. This has created job opportunities for expatriates, therefore bringing about a large diversity in the workplaceRead MoreHow Effective Leadership Leads The Great Creativity And Innovation Essay1322 Words   |  6 Pages4 1.2 Background to the study 4 1.3 The research problem 4 1.4 Rationale (reason for the study) 4 1.5 Aims and objectives of the study 4 1.6 Research questions 4 1.7 The relevance of the study 4 1.8 Structure of the dissertation 5 Chapter 2 Literature review (3500words) 5 2.1. Introduction 5 2.2. Conclusion 5 Chapter 3 Research methods (1500 words) 5 3.1 Introduction 5 3.2 Research purpose 5 3.3 The research framework 5 3.4 Research philosophy and perspective 5 3.5 Research Approach adopted 5 3.6Read MoreSupply Chain : A Source Of Competitive Advantage1658 Words   |  7 PagesSupply chain has gained importance in the current world of business. With the advent of globalization and competitive advantage being key aspects of organizational existence, it is essential to look into sustainability of the same. This research paper focuses on the need for this sustainability and how supply chains can make a difference to the sustainability of the planet. It will also explore supply chain practices that could be a source of competitive advantage. Introduction In the world ofRead MoreImplementation Of Implementing Change And Developing Worldwide Rivalry1452 Words   |  6 PagesIMPLEMENTING CHANGE Introduction: Businesses are constantly required to adapt to changing environment in order to maintain their position in the market and even more so if they are to truly grow.† (Biedenbacha and Soumlderholma, 2008). Changes are the crucial things in â€Å"the present market, the present rate of technological progress and growing and developing worldwide rivalry let us predict a proceeding with requirement change in future. (Armenakis and Harris, 2009). The writer says change never beginsRead MoreSustaining or Institutionalizing Change1195 Words   |  5 PagesSustaining change Sustaining or Institutionalization change is making change permanent part of the organization and internalization is stabilization of change. (P Subba Rao). Gains made from change are lost from the abandonment of new practices is call initiative decay (Buchanan et al., 1999, Doyle et al., 2000). So strategy on how to sustain the changes made is a crucial element in change management process. But relatively little research has been carried out on the issue of sustainability. MostRead MoreResource Based View of Social Entrepreneurship: Puting the Pieces Together813 Words   |  3 Pagesbeen little scholarly output in mainstream journals (Short, Moss, Lumpkin 2009). Social entrepreneurship is commonly defined as â€Å"entrepreneurial activity with an embedded social purpose† (Austin et al. 2006). Social entrepreneurs play a role of change agents in society by adopting missions to create and sustain social value. They recognize and pursue new opportunities to serve the particu lar mission at hand. Social entrepreneurs engage in a process of continuous innovation, adaption and learning

The life history anthropological perspective Free Essays

An interview I had with my brother turned out to be very unusual that is to my surprise it was, for me, a new revelation of his inner self. The whole session became personal and sensitive. I came to know a new person, whom I did not know earlier, in him. We will write a custom essay sample on The life history anthropological perspective or any similar topic only for you Order Now That is about his condition and experiences of having muscular dystrophy. His perils and his optimistic views, in spite of struggling with the disabilities. It was astonishing to learn that after my thoughts of how I know him so well because he is my brother, there are still a lot of things that I do not know about him. This interview has definitely introduced me to a new person in my brother. The life history anthropological perspective At the age of 6, he was diagnosed with muscular dystrophy. The diagnosing of this situation in him was a hard one for mother to accept. She had always kept this factor to her heart and made sure he never even feel that he was sick. She tried and the rhythm of his routine was as normal as anyone else of the same age. At the same time the frustration of not being able to do whatever he wanted made him angry at everything in the beginning. He slowly began to realize that he could still have nice feelings. And that is where he could still try to do everything what the other kids did. The dramatic end they had was often embarrassing but he found them to be great fun. This concept of having fun in the awesome and dramatic eventualities of an other ways routine for a kid of his age seems to me as the first step of his finding the life meaning full. The perils of his condition took deeply toll of him. Its true that I have seen most of him in my life, this interview gave me a new perspective of him. The high school, like any other kid, was interesting to him. The presence of his brother was a solace. Brother had to live two years earlier than he did. That was the time he felt bad about the saying â€Å"Oh, yet defend me, friends; I am but hurt†. (Alexander, p 1071) He even thought at the end of his high school that the high school was waste of time. I have a strong feeling that the lack of friends, after having to sit with older kids when his brother was there, made him lonelier than one could ever feel. A pretty librarian’s company was too limited an entertainment for boy of that age. His mindset, by the time he left the high school, might have greatly been influenced by the fact that he was a disabled, unlike other kids. It can be termed as the greatest disaster that happened in his life with the unhealthy Physical condition he suffered from. Having met death face to face with pneumonia at the age of 23, he realizes the need of living life to the fullest. However this realization seems to be the positive out put completely derived from the life threatening situations he went through. I would say it was a therapeutic experience for the both of us because somehow after that interview, he felt good having to share all his thoughts and feelings to someone who he can trust and depend on. In addition, for me I felt as if something good and special came out of it – within my self as a person and between the both of us and our relationship as family. From the first question alone, I was really dazed that he was willing to open up like that with regards to his diagnosis and learning from the doctors that he would not be able to live to see his twentieth year. His courage and strength really shows up by how he handles and is still handling his condition. His openness to me, freely sharing the inner most feelings of his struggles, was really to be considered as an advantage to me because we had an intimacy of being the same family. My brother was open to the entire experience. It was not difficult to convince him to go through with a personal interview with me. He actually enjoyed it because he knew he was helping me out and he really liked the idea of reflecting on past events and experiences that he had in his life. He prides me with joy knowing that he is not the kind of person who gives up. He was able to defeat his worries and fears and still made great efforts to do what most children did at his age from very early in his life. The interview has greatly changed our relationship as siblings. First, we know we have gotten closer because now I feel like I have evaded the person in him that I did not know all these years. My brother has opened up as new person himself. The moral of the  Story is that it has developed in me a sense of self-acceptance. The conversation with him has taught me to accept and take things as they come.   Brushing aside all the limitations, he has the confidence to tell me that that there are a lot of things to do and that he wanted to live his life to the fullest makes me look at myself and rethink what my problems are and what my mindset was. The world we live in has a lot more problems for its people. A lot of people complain about things, just like the poor boy complaining that ‘I have no shoes, I have no shoes.’ Until, he saw a man with no legs. If we as normal people complain about our lives and not having to succeed in situations where we want to accomplish many tasks, I guess we should think about those who unwillingly have disabilities, such as muscular dystrophy. My brother’s out look towards life was one of great self-esteem and acceptance but the conversation gave me great cultural insight as compassionate side, in me sparked off like a matchstick. Everything that he said I took note off and from them I draw my inspiration in reinventing my life, and am compassionate in my society. I took note of his words as he said you’d never be able to make anyone else happy if you can’t look at yourself in the mirror and be happy at what you see. Reference Alexander, Peter (1985) A book on complete works of Shakespeare. English language book society.       How to cite The life history anthropological perspective, Essay examples

The Cracked Mirror The Minor Characters Essay Example For Students

The Cracked Mirror The Minor Characters Essay It is reasonable to wonder what Shakespeare had in mind while writing Hamlet. After all, Shakespeare wasnt a philosopher or historian, or even a literary critic. He was a playwright. He didnt leave critical essays examining his work. It is left to us to examine his work and decide for ourselves, if we care to, what Shakespeare was thinking. Did he know that he was writing a drama of deep psychological significance, a play which would eventually be viewed and read the world over, produced many times over hundreds of years, taught in schools, and thought of as one of the worlds greatest plays? I, for one, imagine him crossing the t in the last word of the play, putting down his pen, and saying, I hope it runs a year. Yet Hamlet is an extremely complex play. To appreciate the imagination which went into the creation of this tragedy, lets first delve into what is putatively Shakespeares most complex tragedy, King Lear. Lear has three daughters: Cordelia, who is faithful and unappreciated by Lear, and Regan and Goneril who receive everything at his hands and betray him. These themes of misplaced love and filial betrayal are mirrored in the subplot of the play, the relationship between the Earl of Gloster and his two sons, Edmund, who is supported and approved by Gloster and betrays him, and Edgar, who unjustly becomes a fugitive from his fathers wrath. The mirror is whole. In it we view Cordelias reflection and see Edgar, while Regans and Gonerils reflections, which are of one face, show us Edmund. We will write a custom essay on The Cracked Mirror The Minor Characters specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now In the main plot of Hamlet, Hamlets father has been murdered. Hamlet swears revenge, but feigns madness and delays. In the subplot, the chamberlain, Polonius, is murdered by Hamlet. One of Poloniuss children, Laertes, swears revenge, while the other, his daughter Ophelia, goes mad. Here, the mirror is cracked. Hamlets reflection is splintered. We see one part of him, his revenge motive, in Laertes action, and we see his pretended madness in Ophelias piteous condition. More than this, Hamlets image is dimmed compared to those of his counterparts. Hamlet speaks of revenge, but procrastinates; Laertes instantly raises and army and attacks the kingdom, but he must be satisfied over his fathers murder. Hamlet only acts mad; Ophelias madness is too real. Shakespeare presents us with a play dealing with striking human similarities and differences-and a protagonist who is more than a character, but is a compendium of the qualities of the minor characters. Hamlets unrealized potential throws the fully-realized actions of Laertes and Ophelia into relief. If the play were about Laertes and Ophelia, Hamlet would be the perfect foil. In Hamlets fibrillating performance we appreciate Laertes boldness. Viewed against Hamlets affected loss of wits, Ophelias true madness is the more pitiful. But to consider Hamlet a foil for Laertes and Ophelia is to miss the point. After all, Hamlet is the hero. The play is, more than anyone, about him. Mirrors can be deceptive. One can lose sight of what is real and what is merely image. Claudius is a case in point. We could never mistake Claudius for the protagonist of the play. Could we? He is Hamlets antagonist. But, In fact, Claudius has several characteristics common to Shakespeares tragic heroes. Using *A. C. Bradleys definition, lets examine Claudiuss qualifications to be the protagonist of Hamlet. The tragic hero is a person of high degree or great importance. Claudius qualifies here. He is the king. As his fortunes go, so go those of all who surround him. As he is cheerful, the court is cheerful. As his brow is contracted in woe, so the Danish court suffers. .ub01cf941057ab0a869402438f7321cbf , .ub01cf941057ab0a869402438f7321cbf .postImageUrl , .ub01cf941057ab0a869402438f7321cbf .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .ub01cf941057ab0a869402438f7321cbf , .ub01cf941057ab0a869402438f7321cbf:hover , .ub01cf941057ab0a869402438f7321cbf:visited , .ub01cf941057ab0a869402438f7321cbf:active { border:0!important; } .ub01cf941057ab0a869402438f7321cbf .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .ub01cf941057ab0a869402438f7321cbf { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .ub01cf941057ab0a869402438f7321cbf:active , .ub01cf941057ab0a869402438f7321cbf:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .ub01cf941057ab0a869402438f7321cbf .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .ub01cf941057ab0a869402438f7321cbf .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .ub01cf941057ab0a869402438f7321cbf .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .ub01cf941057ab0a869402438f7321cbf .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .ub01cf941057ab0a869402438f7321cbf:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .ub01cf941057ab0a869402438f7321cbf .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .ub01cf941057ab0a869402438f7321cbf .ub01cf941057ab0a869402438f7321cbf-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .ub01cf941057ab0a869402438f7321cbf:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Islam 2 EssayThe tragic hero has a predisposition in some particular direction, accompanied by an inability to resist the force which drives him or her. Claudius is ambitious. Hisambition drives him to murder his brother, the former king. Claudius is evil. But the tragic hero need not be good. Consider Macbeth and Richard III. By their acts, Shakespeares tragic heroes hope to achieve intended outcomes. But what they achieve is not what they intended; it is terribly unlike it. Claudiuss murderous act brings him only short-lived happiness. As the play opens, Claudiuss situation is secure. He fears no upsets until Act 3 unfolds. From then on he knows no peace. He is threatene d from within by pangs of conscience and from without by Hamlets knowledge of his crime. Finally, he pays for his crime with his life. The play depicts also the troubled part of the heros life. Beginning with the death of Polonius, Claudius must plot to kill Hamlet. Moreover, he must deal with rejection byGertrude, the madness of Ophelia, and an insurrection brought by Laertes. At the end of Act 5, he dies. In the end there is a sense of waste. Our reaction to the death of the protagonist can be expressed with the words If only . . .All the foregoing characterize Shakespeares tragic heroes. What is missing in Claudiuss case is a tragic effect. There is no sense of waste in Claudiuss death, no sense that this death could have been avoided, no arousal of pity and fear as there is in Hamlets, Macbeths, Othellos, and Lears deaths. If only Macbeth had been less ambitious, Hamlet more forceful, Othello less passionate, and Lear wiser, their untimely deaths need not have occurred. We feel sympathy for these tragic heroes. We react to their deaths with a sense of regret. No one regrets Claudiuss death enough to say if only . . . And so, Claudiuss reflection, while almost that of a protagonist, lacks the proper form. Gertrude, Hamlets mother, is at once a cause of Hamlets pathos through her marriage to Hamlets uncle and a glass through which we view something of Hamlets family. We see the family together only once, the ghost appearing in order to remind Hamlet of his vow of vengeance, perhaps, also, to reunite the family. The moment in Act 3 that he appears, when Hamlet and his mother are together, suggests such a motive. Moreover, he appears in his night gown instead of in armor, as in his first appearance. Acting like a husband, he rescues his former wife from Hamlets anger. However, the ghosts efforts at reunion fail. Gertrudes guiltmarriage to a husbands brother was considered incestprevents her from seeing the ghost. By reflection we see Poloniuss family, all members destroyed through involvement with Hamlet. We see them together, too, only once, early in the play, as Laertes is preparing to set sail. Ophelia is guiltless. Laertes is guilty only of seeking revenge for his fathers murder. Polonius is guilty of being a busybody, a dangerous involvement in Hamlets tragedy. The longer Hamlet procrastinates, the more bodies pile up, and the more the question of his procrastination takes on importance. Why does Shakespeare make us, wait until the end of Act 5, for Hamlet finally to play his proper role and resolve all questions? This is Shakespeares genius. We view Hamlets procrastination as probable. After all, no matter what Hamlet does, the past cannot be undone. Running a sword through his uncles ribs will not bring Hamlets father back. We are willing spectators to the unfolding of this tragedy. And between the anticipation and the act fall some of the most beautiful lines in all of dramatic literature. Shakespeare achieves his goal. Hamlet has run a year, several hundred times over. .uc72abe546e4d000303dfe723f5685249 , .uc72abe546e4d000303dfe723f5685249 .postImageUrl , .uc72abe546e4d000303dfe723f5685249 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .uc72abe546e4d000303dfe723f5685249 , .uc72abe546e4d000303dfe723f5685249:hover , .uc72abe546e4d000303dfe723f5685249:visited , .uc72abe546e4d000303dfe723f5685249:active { border:0!important; } .uc72abe546e4d000303dfe723f5685249 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .uc72abe546e4d000303dfe723f5685249 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .uc72abe546e4d000303dfe723f5685249:active , .uc72abe546e4d000303dfe723f5685249:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .uc72abe546e4d000303dfe723f5685249 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .uc72abe546e4d000303dfe723f5685249 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .uc72abe546e4d000303dfe723f5685249 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .uc72abe546e4d000303dfe723f5685249 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .uc72abe546e4d000303dfe723f5685249:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .uc72abe546e4d000303dfe723f5685249 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .uc72abe546e4d000303dfe723f5685249 .uc72abe546e4d000303dfe723f5685249-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .uc72abe546e4d000303dfe723f5685249:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Procrastination Essay*A. C. Bradley, The Substance of Shakespearean Tragedy Shakespearean Tragedy, MacMillan and Company Limited, 1904, pp. 1-29**David Daiches, A Critical History of English Literature, Vol. 2. Bibliography:

The Impact of Fuedalism essays

The Impact of Fuedalism essays There are many different views on how feudalism affected the Middle Ages. Some people believe it was genius while others think it was a disaster. There is only one thing that is truly certain about feudalism and that is that it had political, social and economic impacts. Feudalism was developed to secure the alliance between a feudal lord and an ordinary peasant. The feudal lord would give a section of land to a fief and in return, the peasant would pledge his full allegiance to the lord. In document, nineteen it is stated that, the principle means of securing the allegiance of the noble was by a gift of land. The only means that held the lord and the fief together was a mutual agreement. Document 22 supports this, ...the feudal relationship was essentially a contract between lord and vassals which was defined and enforced by mutual agreement.... Feudalism gave the power to the lords. They could control the peasants and expected complete obedience in return. In document four a soldier speaks of his lord. And so long as I live I ought to provide service and honor to you, suitably to my free condition; and I shall not during the time of my life have the ability to withdraw from your power or guardianship; but must remain during the days of my life under your power or defense. It is pointed out in document 17 that a person could be condemned if they did not follow through with their contract. ...the aforesaid court of Agen has unanimously pronounced sentence against you, and for these matters has condemned you to hand over and restore to us the chateau of Auvillars and all that land which you hold from us in fee.... Another impact of feudalism was that a commoner could never move up socially. By the ninth and tenth centuries...the upper classes had gained title to practically all of the land, and most of the common people had become serfs (Doc. 44...

Independence Days of the Nations of the World

Independence Days of the Nations of the World Of the 196 countries on Earth, the vast majority became independent after 1800. Only 20 were independent before the start of the 19th century- a mere 10%- and by 1900, only 49 or 25% of the countries of today were independent. Countries by Independence Date Here are all the countries in the world, listed in order from the oldest to the youngest: 660 BCE: Japan221 BCE: China301 CE: San Marino843 CE: France976 CE: Austria10th Century CE: Denmark1001: Hungary1143: Portugal1206: Mongolia1238: Thailand1278: AndorraAugust 1, 1291: Switzerland1419: Monaco15th Century: Spain1502: IranJune 6, 1523: SwedenJanuary 23, 1579: The Netherlands1650: OmanMay 1, 1707: The United KingdomJanuary 23, 1719: Liechtenstein1768: NepalJuly 4, 1776: The United States of AmericaJanuary 1, 1804: HaitiJuly 20, 1810: ColombiaSeptember 16, 1810: MexicoSeptember 18, 1810: ChileMay 14, 1811: ParaguayJuly 5, 1811: VenezuelaJuly 9, 1816: ArgentinaJuly 28, 1821: PeruSeptember 15, 1821: Costa RicaSeptember 15, 1821: El SalvadorSeptember 15, 1821: GuatemalaSeptember 15, 1821: HondurasSeptember 15, 1821: NicaraguaMay 24, 1822: EcuadorSeptember 7, 1822: BrazilAugust 6, 1825: BoliviaAugust 25, 1825: Uruguay1829: GreeceOctober 4, 1830: Belgium1839: LuxembourgFebruary 27, 1844: The Dominican RepublicJuly 26, 1847: LiberiaMarch 17, 1861: ItalyJuly 1, 1867: CanadaJanuar y 18, 1871: GermanyMay 9, 1877: RomaniaMarch 3, 1878: Bulgaria1896: EthiopiaJune 12, 1898: The PhilippinesJanuary 1, 1901: AustraliaMay 20, 1902: CubaNovember 3, 1903: PanamaJune 7, 1905: NorwaySeptember 26, 1907: New ZealandMay 31, 1910: South AfricaNovember 28, 1912: AlbaniaDecember 6, 1917: FinlandFebruary 24, 1918: EstoniaNovember 11, 1918: PolandDecember 1, 1918: IcelandAugust 19, 1919: AfghanistanDecember 6, 1921: IrelandFebruary 28, 1922: EgyptOctober 29, 1923: TurkeyFebruary 11, 1929: The Vatican CitySeptember 23, 1932: Saudi ArabiaOctober 3, 1932: IraqNovember 22, 1943: LebanonAugust 15, 1945: North KoreaAugust 15, 1945: South KoreaAugust 17, 1945: IndonesiaSeptember 2, 1945: VietnamApril 17, 1946: SyriaMay 25, 1946: JordanAugust 14, 1947: PakistanAugust 15, 1947: IndiaJanuary 4, 1948: BurmaFebruary 4, 1948: Sri LankaMay 14, 1948: IsraelJuly 19, 1949: LaosAugust 8, 1949: BhutanDecember 24, 1951: LibyaNovember 9, 1953: CambodiaJanuary 1, 1956: SudanMarch 2, 1956: MoroccoMarc h 20, 1956: TunisiaMarch 6, 1957: GhanaAugust 31, 1957: MalaysiaOctober 2, 1958: GuineaJanuary 1, 1960: CameroonApril 4, 1960: SenegalMay 27, 1960: TogoJune 30, 1960: Republic of the  CongoJuly 1, 1960: SomaliaJuly 26, 1960: MadagascarAugust 1, 1960: BeninAugust 3, 1960: NigerAugust 5, 1960: Burkina FasoAugust 7, 1960: Cà ´te dIvoireAugust 11, 1960: ChadAugust 13, 1960: Central African RepublicAugust 15, 1960:  Democratic  Republic of the CongoAugust 16, 1960: CyprusAugust 17, 1960: GabonSeptember 22, 1960: MaliOctober 1, 1960: NigeriaNovember 28, 1960: MauritaniaApril 27, 1961: Sierra LeoneJune 19, 1961: KuwaitJanuary 1, 1962: SamoaJuly 1, 1962: BurundiJuly 1, 1962: RwandaJuly 5, 1962: AlgeriaAugust 6, 1962: JamaicaAugust 31, 1962: Trinidad and TobagoOctober 9, 1962: UgandaDecember 12, 1963: KenyaApril 26, 1964: TanzaniaJuly 6, 1964: MalawiSeptember 21, 1964: MaltaOctober 24, 1964: ZambiaFebruary 18, 1965: The GambiaJuly 26, 1965: The MaldivesAugust 9, 1965: SingaporeMay 26, 1966: GuyanaSeptember 30, 1966: BotswanaOctober 4, 1966: LesothoNovember 30, 1966: BarbadosJanuary 31, 1968: NauruMarch 12, 1968: MauritiusSeptember 6, 1968: SwazilandOctober 12, 1968: Equatorial GuineaJune 4, 1970: TongaOctober 10, 1970: FijiMarch 26, 1971: BangladeshAugust 15, 1971: BahrainSeptember 3, 1971: QatarNovember 2, 1971: The United Arab EmiratesJuly 10, 1973: The BahamasSeptember 24, 1973: Guinea-BissauFebruary 7, 1974: GrenadaJune 25, 1975: MozambiqueJuly 5, 1975: Cape VerdeJuly 6, 1975: ComorosJuly 12, 1975: Sao Tome and PrincipeSeptember 16, 1975: Papua New GuineaNovember 11, 1975: AngolaNovember 25, 1975: SurinameJune 29, 1976: SeychellesJune 27, 1977: DjiboutiJuly 7, 1978: The Solomon IslandsOctober 1, 1978: TuvaluNovember 3, 1978: DominicaFebruary 22, 1979: Saint LuciaJuly 12, 1979: KiribatiOctober 27, 1979: Saint Vincent and the GrenadinesApril 18, 1980: ZimbabweJuly 30, 1980: VanuatuJanuary 11, 1981: Antigua and BarbudaSeptember 21, 1981: BelizeSeptember 19, 198 3: Saint Kitts and NevisJanuary 1, 1984: BruneiOctober 21, 1986: The Marshall IslandsNovember 3, 1986: The Federated States of MicronesiaMarch 11, 1990: LithuaniaMarch 21, 1990: NamibiaMay 22, 1990: YemenApril 9, 1991: GeorgiaJune 25, 1991: CroatiaJune 25, 1991: SloveniaAugust 21, 1991: KyrgyzstanAugust 24, 1991: RussiaAugust 25, 1991: BelarusAugust 27, 1991: MoldovaAugust 30, 1991: AzerbaijanSeptember 1, 1991: UzbekistanSeptember 6, 1991: LatviaSeptember 8, 1991: MacedoniaSeptember 9, 1991: TajikistanSeptember 21, 1991: ArmeniaOctober 27, 1991: TurkmenistanNovember 24, 1991: UkraineDecember 16, 1991: KazakhstanMarch 3, 1992: Bosnia and HerzegovinaJanuary 1, 1993: The Czech RepublicJanuary 1, 1993: SlovakiaMay 24, 1993: EritreaOctober 1, 1994: PalauMay 20, 2002: East TimorJune 3, 2006: MontenegroJune 5, 2006: SerbiaFebruary 17, 2008: KosovoJuly 9, 2011: South Sudan

Residence discussion its pros and cons Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3500 words

Residence discussion its pros and cons - Essay Example Naturally, under any circumstances and in any situation children’s interests should be of primary concern. If the contact with one of the parents is lost, then future of the child is under the threat of problems and disadvantages. Divorce leads to separation and social dysfunction of the family; but it is not separation itself that is harmful for children; it is the way divorce is handled. The justice system of the United Kingdom is involuntarily daily involved into exclusions of such kind1. Exclusion of one parent makes the child think that the latter is bad; consequently he may think that a part of him is spoiled too. Thus the child’s self-esteem and self-assurance are damaged. These dreadful outcomes of divorces could have been changed by the judicial system if they had eliminated discrimination of one parent with regard to another. Child’s best interests wouldn’t be protected if he lived with one parent; fit biological parents have equal rights and pla y equal roles in the lives of their children. Child’s best interests are in active involvement in his life of both fit biological parents. The Government issued Children Act 1989 is considered to be an initial step in shared residence initiation2. In spite of the fact that many years passed after Children Act adoption, shared residence is still considered to be a novelty in the UK. USA and Canada have more loyal attitude to shared residence and this decision after divorce is considered to be an optimal one. The UK Government should care about the fact that children alienated from one of their parents suffer emotional discord and turbulence. When children have to make choice which parent to ‘prefer’, they feel great emotional stress and self-sacrifice. Therefore Equal Parenting Council approves of shared residence.

Alternatives to Additional Transmission Lines To Meet Escalating Assignment

Alternatives to Additional Transmission Lines To Meet Escalating Demand in Northland and Auckland - Assignment Example As the operator of the national electricity grid in New Zealand, Transpower has the responsibility to ensure that adequate power reaches those areas of the country that need it. As things stand, the rising demand for electricity in the above-mentioned areas has necessitated Transpower coming up with a proposal to erect additional transmission lines, to the tune of $1.5 billion. This proposed investment is up for approval before the Electricity Commission, and the approval rests on Transpower proving that there are no viable alternatives to such an investment. There is the matter of alternatives that need to be explored, as indicated in the case, that negates the need for massive infrastructure investments in transmission and power generation, via distributed power generation facilities, for instance, that are erected close to the demand, in this case, close to the areas that need them. There are also ideas floated with regard to the reduction of so-called peak demand, and the possibl e construction of additional power stations to meet the increased needs of some areas, notably Northland and Auckland. The paper discusses these and other alternatives, and evaluates their feasibility alongside the proposed investment in additional transmission lines (Daniels 2004). II. ... e trend for power consumption ought to be positive in the long term, given the steady growth in the economy over the past few decades, and prospects for continued growth. It is ranked as the 65th largest economy in the world in 2011, with PPP GDP at $123.3 billion, and per capita GDP at $27,900, which places New Zealand at the 48th spot in terms of GDP per person. Services make up close to 72 percent of GDP, followed by the industrial sector at 24 percent. Key industries are the processing of wood, food, paper, and textiles; mining; tourism; banking and finance; and the manufacture of transport and other machinery and equipment. In terms of production of electricity, New Zealand production was pegged at 42 billion kWh, ranked 54th in the world in 2009, while consumption was 39.02 billion kWh in 2008, ranked 54th as well globally, making New Zealand self-sufficient in terms of power generation, with its net power generation greater than demand as of 2009. It consumes all of the natura l gas that it produces, at 4.481 billion cubic meters in 2011, ranked 5oth worldwide in terms of production and 68th worldwide in terms of consumption of natural gas. The country has proven oil reserves of 112.5 billion barrels, ranked 68th in the world, and oil consumption is pegged at 149,700 barrels a day, versus production of about 60,480 barrels a day in 2010, making the country a net importer of oil. These latter figures for natural gas and oil are relevant in terms of the fuel inputs to power generation (Central Intelligence Agency 2012). III. Industry Overview, Transmission Infrastructure There is merit likewise in a general overview of the power industry in New Zealand, in order to map out where and how alternatives to massive investments in transmission lines can be had and done.

The Strength of Hester Prynne in The Scarlet Letter :: essays research papers

Reading the Scarlet Letter reminds me of one of my own experience. When I was a fifth grade elementary student, two of my friends and I agreed to cheat on a geography test. On the day of the test, one of my friends was caught. The teacher found the cheat sheet where it showed the handwriting of the three of us. When he was asked who the other two is, he remained silent. The teacher said that he will be punished, standing in the corner of the classroom for one straight week, and it will be lighter if only he told our name. My friend still did not say a word, so he received the punishment. What he did was similar to what Hester Prynne does. In The Scarlet Letter, by Nathaniel Hawthorne, Hester Prynne is portrayed as a woman with remarkable strength of character through direct and indirect characterization. As a punishment for her crime of adultery, Hester must wear scarlet letter ?A? for the rest of her life. We can see her strength when she bravely faces humiliation on the scaffold. When Reverend Dimmesdale asks her about the identity of the child?s father, she remains silent, although she was told that her punishment might be lighter if she confesses (Hawthorne 62). One can see that she loves the person so much that she sacrifices her own freedom in exchange of the his. After trying to persuade Hester to talk with no success, Reverend Dimmesdale says ?Wondrous strength and generosity of a woman?s heart! She will not speak!? (63). Hester does show a wondrous generosity in this chapter. Even though she realizes that her punishment will be lighter, and she will have someone to share the punishment with, she still remains silent. One of the townsmen also admired her strength, saying how ?she does not speak, that the magistrates have laid their head in vain? (57). Hester does not speak a t all cost. We can see the strength of Hester?s character through the thoughts, words, actions, and what the other?s impressions on her. We can also see her characterization through the author?s direct statement. When she shows her face to the public for the first time she since she was punished, the author commented that the people who expect to see her ?dimmed and obscured by a disastrous cloud?, find her more gorgeous, graceful and ladylike than she have ever been instead (49).

Tensions in Villette

Tensions in Villette Villette is a narrative that seems constantly at war with itself, fraught with tensions of reason versus feeling, nature versus art and reality versus imagination, as I will attempt to illustrate. Lucy is anything but a one dimensional character and it throughout the novel, her emotional growth is charted. The important elements in the narrative seem to resist a one-sided reading. Read in context, perhaps Bronte recognizes that in the Victorian world, tensions of the aforementioned impinge upon and are all shaped by one another. [1] Reason/ Feeling In chapter 23, Lucy Snowe penned two replies to Graham’s letter, one under â€Å"the dry stinting check of Reason† and another â€Å"according to the full, liberal impulse of Feeling†(281). Lucy first began writing the letter meant for her own relief in which she poured out her â€Å"sincere heart† and â€Å"covered with the language of a strongly adherent affection, a rooted and active gratitude†. Upon its completion, Reason scorned and caused her to rewrite the letter, this time for Graham’s perusal, which became a â€Å"terse, curt missive of a page† (282). Judging from the two responses to the same letter, one might think it was penned by two different people, thus indicating the precarious balancing act between reason and feeling, and the public and private self that Lucy tries to maintain. On the surface, Lucy seems innately calm, devoid of passion and presents herself as being emotionally independent, even at the start of the novel. Lucy narrates that â€Å"in the autumn of the year – I was staying at Bretton; my godmother having come in person to claim me of the kinsfolk with whom was at that time fixed my permanent residence†(8) and the kinsfolk that Lucy refers to are obviously her parents. While no details are given, we can guess that Lucy’s separation from her parents must have caused her much pain, and it destabilized her sense of what is â€Å"permanent† because Lucy finds herself having to move from Mrs Bretton’s to Miss Marchmont’s then upon meeting Ginevra and hearing about a possible job opening, to Villette. Perhaps then, through the estrangement from her parents and from Mrs Bretton, Lucy realized â€Å"there remained no possibility of dependence on others; to myself alone could I look. I know not that I was of a self-reliant or active nature; but self-reliance and exertion were forced upon me by circumstances, as they are upon thousands besides†(40). Aside from becoming self-reliant in order to exert some sort of control over her life, Lucy also resolves to be emotionally self-reliant to prevent herself from becoming like Miss Marchmont whose life was frozen in place after the death of her husband. Yet despite Lucy’s want of distancing herself, Lucy feels an amazing depth of feeling, she cannot stop herself from doing so. 2] â€Å"I suppose animals kept in cages, and so scantily fed as to be always upon the verge of famine, await their food as I awaited a letter. Oh! – to speak truth, and drop that tone of a false calm which long to sustain, outwears nature's endurance – I underwent in those seven weeks bitter fears and pains, strange inward trials, miserable defections of hope, intolerable encroachments of despair†¦ The letter â₠¬â€œ the well-beloved letter – would not come; and it was all of sweetness in life I had to look for†(297). Through this we can see that though Lucy moderates her outward responses, and tries desperately to suppress it, internally she is tortured by her emotions. We can conclude then, that although Lucy constantly berates herself for it and attempts to hide it, the private Lucy is an extremely emotional and passionate one. We first glimpse this when Lucy plays the fop in the play. Lucy thinks that she will be terrible at it, yet she not only manages to find the courage to act without worrying she will be laughed at, Lucy is so passionate in the role that she changes the script. Although everyone else seems to be fooled, M. Paul sees Lucy for the passionate creature she truly is. Through M. Paul, Lucy learns to give in to Feeling and stop letting Reason control her life. Nature/ Art The three couples in the story are all described differently and represent different values with regard to nature and art. Although we hear most about Lucy and M. Paul, what we are told about the other two pairs make Lucy’s tale even more tragic, given that Lucy suffers the most by the end of he novel. Ginevra and Colonel de Hamal, who is tiny in stature and looks like a doll to Lucy, are conceived as almost pseudo art objects. Ginevra is depicted as a butterfly flitting through life, having neither sense nor substance and quite happily so. Most of what we hear about Ginevra is about her outward appearance, thus making her primarily an object of beauty. We hear about her blonde curls, rouge, spangles and sashes, and her habit of often gazing at gaudy polished mirrors. Colonel de Hamal is figured as a dandy, â€Å"so nicely curled, so booted, gloved and crafted† (163). At one point, Polly and Ginevra are even contrasted as works of art or figures in a painting- â€Å"nature having traced all these details slightly, and with a careless hand, in Miss Fanshawe's case; and in Miss de Bassompierre's, wrought them to a high and delicate finish† (346). On the other hand, Graham and Polly are depicted as nature cultivated by art[3], something between nature and art that Robert Colby likens to sheltered greenhouse plants. Dr John’s features are said to be â€Å"though well cut they were not so chiselled, so frittered away as to lose in power and significance what they gained in unmeaning symmetry† (164), while Lucy says of Polly that â€Å"I who had known her as a child, knew or guessed by what a good and strong root her graces held to the firm soil of reality† (347). In this respect, Polly and Graham are not described to be as delicate as Ginevra and her Colonel, but neither are they described like Lucy and M. Paul whose relatively unattractive appearance are an indication of unrefined nature. We are told that Lucy looks plain, but underneath is â€Å"fiery and rash† and given to unpredictable changes, while M. Paul is â€Å"a little hawk of a man†(237), a â€Å"savage-looking friend†(247) of Lucy’s. Even the end of which they come to is poetically suitable- M. Paul perishing in waters and Lucy lamenting amidst the turbulence of nature’s elements. Also, in the beginning of the novel, most of the scenes take place indoors- in lecture halls, concert halls, art galleries while towards the end of the novel, more scenes take place in the woods and gardens. Art is posed against Nature, and it is significant that Lucy’s love for M. Paul blooms in the natural environment. She hears stories from M. Paul who narrates with â€Å"diction simple in its strength, and strong in its simplicity†¦ such a picture I have never looked on from artists' pencil. †(421). Lucy stresses that the stories seem spontaneous, free from artifice. M. Paul leads Lucy from literature to art into nature, imitations of life into life itself. Imagination/ Reality In the novel, there are also many allusions to literature especially in the earlier sections. In many instances, Lucy retreats into her imagination which is fueled by the arts, therefore it is associated with passivity and escapism while nature with the active mind and reality. Lucy herself admits shortly after arriving in Villette, â€Å"I seemed to hold two lives – the life of thought, and that of reality; and, provided the former was nourished with a sufficiency of the strange necromantic joys of fancy, the privileges of the latter might remain limited to daily bread, hourly work, and a roof of shelter. (85) As Villette progresses though, Lucy learns to fuse these two separate worlds, the arts become less important to Lucy as she becomes more of a participant in life and less of a spectator. In this sense, Lucy’s mental and emotional changes are captured as she gains the courage to stop living vicariously through other people or literary characters, and starts actively pursuing what she wants. Throughout the novel, she glides through balls and concerts as a spectator, only participating when forced to which was how she ended up playing the fop in the play. Although Lucy discovers she really enjoyed it, she â€Å"took a firm resolution never to be drawn into a similar affair† (156). It is only towards her last few interactions with M. Paul that Lucy gains the courage to experience life for herself. Two changes may be seen to mark Lucy’s change from passivity to activity- the initiatives she takes to unite Polly and Graham, and her subsequent determination to manage her own school. Lucy is able to bridge imagination and reality through her narrative, memory is her catharsis. She sets her turbulent feelings, feelings of deep joy and sorrow into the past at a distance and transforms it, the sign of reconciliation of passion with calm of mind. In this sense, by writing this narrative, Lucy is really observing herself in the process of composing and creating the characters of her life and herself, therefore perhaps explaining Lucy’s fascination with the inner workings of the mind and the imagination. ———————– [1] Patricia E. Johnson. This Heretic Narrative: The Strategy of the Split Narrative in Charlotte Bronte's Villette† in Source: Studies in English Literature, 1500-1900, Vol. 30, No. 4, Nineteenth Century (Autumn, 1990), pp. 617-631 [2]John Hughes. â€Å"The Affective World of Charlotte Bronte's â€Å"Villette†Ã¢â‚¬  in Studies in English Literature, 1500-1900, Vol. 40, No. 4, The Nineteenth Century (Autumn, 2000), pp. 711-726. [3] Robert A. Colby. â€Å"Villette and the Life of the Mind† in PMLA, Vol. 75, No. 4 (Sep. , 1960), pp. 410-419.

The Old Man and the Grandson ESL Reading Comprehension

The Old Man and His Grandson by Brothers Grimmfrom Grimms Fairy Tales This reading comprehension includes difficult vocabulary (in bold) defined at the end. There was once a very old man, whose eyes had become dim, his ears dull of hearing, his knees trembled, and when he sat at table he could hardly hold the spoon, and spilt the broth upon the table-cloth or let it run out of his mouth. His son and his sons wife were disgusted at this, so the old grandfather at last had to sit in the corner behind the stove, and they gave him his food in an earthenware bowl, and not even enough of it. And he used to look towards the table with his eyes full of tears. Once, too, his trembling hands could not hold the bowl, and it fell to the ground and broke. The young wife scolded him, but he said nothing and only sighed. Then they brought him a wooden bowl for a few half-pence, out of which he had to eat. They were once sitting thus when the little grandson of four years old began to gather together some bits of wood upon the ground. What are you doing there? asked the father. I am making a little trough, answered the child, for father and mother to eat out of when I am big. The man and his wife looked at each other for a while, and presently began to cry. Then they took the old grandfather to the table, and henceforth always let him eat with them, and likewise said nothing if he did spill a little of anything. Vocabulary eyes had become dim - vision had become weakdull of hearing - hearing had become weaktrembling - shaking slightlybroth - simple soupearthenware - pottery, made of clayto scold - to tell off for doing something badhalf-pence - half of one pence (UK penny)thus - in this mannertrough - an eating area, usually for pigs or cattlehenceforth - from this time onlikewise - in the same way More Grimm Brothers Fairy Tales Reading Comprehensions The Old Man and the GrandsonDoctor KnowallClever GretelOld SultanThe Queen Bee